الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The study was conducted prospectively on 50 consecutive patients with
acute respiratory failure, 20 patients were admitted to the Chest Departments at
Menoufia University Hospital and 30 patients admitted to Kafr El-sheikh Chest
Hospital from the period between January 2019 to January 2020.
Thoracic Ultrasonography is a low cost, noninvasive, practical, and rapid
method for visualization of different chest pathology. There is a growing body
of evidence about the high diagnostic accuracy of thoracic UC in the diagnosis
of chest diseases and in guiding related interventions. Thoracic US exhibited
high sensitivity and specificity in the previous studies assessed its accuracy in
the diagnosis in different chest disorders.
Patients were diagnosed ARF and included to the study according to ABG.
The diagnosis of these cases was based on clinical features, ABG, Chest xray,
CT scan, Lung Ultrasonography.
Thoracic US chest examination was done by Philips Affiniti 50G machine
using grayscale (B-mode), or time-motion mode (M-mode). The patient was
positioned in a semi-recumbent position
After application of ultrasound gel the selected probe was positioned on
the chest wall perpendicular to the skin with the index marker (dot or grove)
always pointing at the patient‟s head. The image marker on the screen
corresponded to the index marker on the probe and was positioned to the right
of the screen when cardiology convention was used and on the left with
radiology convention. Radiology convention was used. Gain and depth were
adjusted to obtain clear distinction of shades of grey and to cover the whole
lung depth. Anterior and posterior axillary lines divided the chest wall into three
fields: Anterior, Lateral and Posterior. The fields were further divided into equal quadrants for a total of six areas on each side. The lung was scanned
longitudinally moving cranio-caudally to cover all quadrants. To access the
posterior quadrant a lateral rotation of the patient is often necessary.