الفهرس 
ABSTRACTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 146 |  |  |
| | | from | 146 | | |
Abstract
Aim: To assess the oral findings of children with ADHD when compared to normal healthy children.
Methodology: A sample of 78 children (age 4–12 years); 39 participants with ADHD and 39 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters: caries, traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), malocclusions, dental wear, and enamel hypocalcification (EH).
Additionally, oral hygiene and parafunctional oral habits were assessed by a questionnaire to parents/caregivers. Data were compared using Mann–Whitney U-tests and Chi-square tests.
Results: Children with ADHD have significantly lower values of deft/DMFT and frequencies of tooth brushing but higher values of parafunctional oral habits (bruxism, nail and object biting, tongue thrusting) and dental wear. No significant differences were found between children, with and without
ADHD, in dmft, DMFT, TDIs, prevalence of malocclusion or EH.
Conclusions: Children with ADHD exhibited a poorer oral health behavior, higher risk for TDIs and malocclusion than non-ADHD children. Hence, there is a need for meticulous preventive dental care for them. Parents/caregivers need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene to improve the
poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.