الفهرس 
Chapter 1 IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Enormous amounts of obsolete electronic equipment or e-waste is generated globally every year. In spite of e-waste contains valuable metals such as aluminium, copper and nickel, as well as precious metals such as gold, silver palladium and indium, it has serious hazards impacts on health and environment. E-waste management becomes essential to recover the valuable and precious metals, and protect health and environment. The value of raw materials in the global e-waste generated in 2019 is estimated to worth US$57 billion [Forti, et al, (2020)]. Egypt is a significant market for electric and electronic products, that ends as e-waste, and in the top of African countries in e-waste generation with an amount of 0.586 million tons in 2019. Egypt lacks serious national programs and regulations to handle e-waste properly. In Egypt e-waste activities are carried out by the informal sector, and the management is controlled by garbage traders and waste collectors. In Egypt, the amount of EEE put on the market is 1069 k tons with increasing rate of 10.44%, while the generated e-waste is 586 k tons with increasing rate of 5.71%. The increase in EEE put on the market is almost 3.6 times the increase in population, while the increase e-waste generated is almost double the increase in population. In average, the generated e-waste is almost 58.7% of the amount of EEE put on the market. Per capita, the generated e-waste is 5.84 kg/capita at increasing rate of 2.66%. The e-waste generated in Egypt is about 20.1% that of the African continent, while the population in Egypt is about 8.6% of Africa. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) waste is only 5–10% of the e-waste, they constitute up to 80% of the waste economic value. Information and communication technology (ICT) waste generally contain high-grade PCBs. In 2016, the amount of ICT equipment put on Egyptian market is 755 k tons, and the mass flow of the ICT e-waste is estimated to be 66.2 k tons/year. only 1,584 tons/year of ICT waste is being collected, representing 2.4% of the total generated ICT e-waste. The economics of an e-waste materials recovery facility (MRF) and its feasibility in Egypt is studied. The proposed facility is assumed to have 2000 ton/year input of ICT equipment e-waste in the first year, with 100 tons yearly increase. The composition of the e-waste input is assumed to be identical to the e-waste mass flow in Egypt. The facility costs, revenues and profits or loss are evaluated to check its feasibility. Running costs are materials purchase, human resources and labor, electricity, administration, and transportation costs. Fixed costs are building and site cost, equipment cost, and depreciation cost. Revenues mainly comes from the resale of dismantled components, and the sales of recovered metals and materials. For the 2000 tons/year, the running or variable costs dominates the total costs of the facility by 82% Material costs represent the major contributor to the total cost. It is almost 70% of the total cost. The potential value of 2000 tons of e-waste processed in the facility has been evaluated as US$6.82 million, which is equivalent to E£109.15 million. Precious metals potential value is US$3.466 million, more than 50%. For basic metals. Gold has a potential value of US$2.235 million, about, 32.26%, which, is the highest, while Copper is about 18% giving the highest contribution of recovered basic metals,. Due to the recovering efficiency, the expected maximum revenue is estimated to be about 81% of the potential value of e-waste in the facility. The total revenue of the MRF is estimated as US$5.345 million (E£85.514 million). The contribution of precious metals sales is almost 58.1% of the total revenue, in spite of the weight of recovered precious metals is 0.072%. For the e-waste input quantity of 2000 ton/year, revenue achieved is more than E£85.514 million (US$5.345 million), while the total costs spent is almost E£41.1 million. Then, the facility achieves a profit of more than 52% of the total revenue, which is 108% of the total cost. To check for the feasibility of the facility, the breakeven point is determined by plotting the revenue and the cost as function of e-waste input quantity, The breakeven point occurs at a value of 430 tons/year, more than that value the project achieves profit, lower than that value the project make loses and the project is not feasible.