الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a popular herb that has both decorative and therapeutic properties. Hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antihyperglycemic, antitoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects have been revealed for the chemical constituents isolated from the plant, which include phenolic compounds, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. The goal of this study was to see how different basil leaves extract affected some physiological, hematological, biochemical, and histological changes in some organs in male Swiss albino mice that had been administered phenol orally.
The search steps are as follows:
1- Preparation of various basil leaves extracts (BLAE, BLEE, and BLHE).
2- Determination of the phytochemical content in the various basil leaves extracts.
3- Evaluation the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of various basil leaves extracts.
4- The 66 male Swiss albino mice were divided into 11 groups and treated with phenol and various basil leaves extracts as follows:
1-Control
2-C6H5OH (180mg/kg b.w. orally every day for 21 days)
3-BLHE (400 mg/kg b.w. orally every day for 21 days)
4-BLEE (400 mg/kg b.w. orally every day for 21 days)
5-BLAE (400 mg/kg b.w. orally every day for 21 days)
6-C6H5OH + BLHE (180mg/kg daily for 21days + 400 mg/kg daily for 21 days)
7-C6H5OH + BLEE (180mg/kg daily for 21days + 400 mg/kg daily for 21 days)
8-C6H5OH + BLAE (180mg/kg daily for 21days + 400 mg/kg daily for 21 days)
9- BLHE + C6H5OH (400mg/kg daily for 21days + 180 mg/kg daily for 21 days)
10- BLEE + C6H5OH (400mg/kg daily for 21days + 180 mg/kg daily for 21 days)
11- BLAE + C6H5OH (400mg/kg daily for 21days + 180 mg/kg daily for 21 days)
5- Assessment the physiological response in mice ingested phenol and various basil leaves extracts.
6- Evaluation the hematological response in mice ingested phenol and various basil leaves extracts.
7- Estimation the biochemical response in mice ingested phenol and various basil leaves extracts.
8- Investigation the histopathological alterations in mice ingested phenol and various basil leaves extracts.
The most important obtained results are summarized in the following:
1- The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total tannin content of BLEE are shown to be greater than BLAE and BLHE respectively.
2- BLEE has the strongest scavenging activity against H2O2 followed by BLAE and BLHE respectively.
3- BLEE had the strongest anti-inflammatory activity, Both BLAE and BLHE inhibited albumin denaturation to a moderate and mild degree, respectively.
4- With the exception of the last group, which received BLAE + C6H5OH, final weight, body weight gain, and average daily gain were increased significantly (p < 0.05) as a result of phenol and various basil leaves extracts. Feed intake was increased/decreased depending on the treatment.
5- Compared to the control group, the liver percentage decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in mice subjected to phenol intake for 21 days following administration with BLHE, BLEE, and BLAE (Groups IX, X, and XI) by respectively
6- The BLEE and BLAE exposure following phenol administration prevents the increment in relative kidney and lung weights in comparison to the control group
7- BLAE and BLHE caused a significant amelioration in chronic phenol-intoxicated mice observed by various hematological parameters values
8- Phenol administration in mice caused a decrease in serum albumin concentration as a result of hepatocellular injury, whereas supplementation with basil leaves extracts kept serum albumin concentration at a level comparable to the control group.
9- After phenol administration, the administration of BLEE and BLAE maintained the same level of AST and ALT activities as the control group at the end of the experimental period
10- Phenol administration caused a considerable increase in serum glucose levels as a result of liver diseases, and that supplementation with various basil Leaves extracts after or before phenol exposure kept glucose levels comparable to the control group
11- Following phenol exposure, mice treated with BLEE and BLAE had no damaging consequences of phenol on uric acid levels
12- After exposure to phenol, the hepatic histological alterations were reduced in the livers of mice treated with BLHE, BLEE, and BLAE.
13- These nephrotic histological changes were reduced in the kidneys of mice treated with BLHE, BLEE, and BLAE after or before exposure to phenol.
14- The splenic histological alterations in the spleen were reduced in mice given BLHE, BLEE, or BLAE after or before phenol exposure, depending on the administration.
In conclusion, in the current investigation, all basil leaves extracts (BLHE, BLEE, and BLAE) attenuated the hazard effects of phenol on growth performance indicators, physiological, hematological, biochemical parameters, and histological examination in mice. The antitoxic characteristics of various basil extracts shown in this study could be explained by the presence of numerous phytochemicals in basil extracts such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and others. Finally, the results show that basil Leaves extracts can be used as an antitoxic agent and offer a wide range of health benefits.