الفهرس 
A Pharmaceutical Study on Nanovesicles for Brain Targeting of a Certain Drug
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Abstract
Oral route is the most preferred route for almost all patients. However, some of the drugs administered orally are associated with poor therapeutic effect as well as unwanted systemic side effects. First pass metabolism is considered one of the main causes of missing a portion of the administered dose resulting in poor oral bioavailability. The first pass metabolism or pre-systemic metabolism is a phenomenon in which the orally administered drug is metabolized in either the liver or the gastrointestinal tract before it reaches the systemic circulation. Zolmitriptan is a second-generation triptan prescribed for patients with migraine attacks, with or without aura. Oral administration of zolmitriptan is associated with poor bioavailability of about 40 % due to first pass metabolism besides this route of administration is characterized with slow onset of drug action where the peak plasma concentration is achieved in about 1.5 to 3.5 h, depending on the type formulation. Intranasal administration of the drug can offer an alternative way to bypass the first pass metabolism and offer a formulation with rapid onset of action. However, the rapid clearance from the nasal cavity affects negatively the residence of the drug-loaded formula on the nasal mucosa.To achieve the maximum therapeutic effect associated with rapid onset and sustained effect, hence the aim of this work was to prepare drug-loaded bilosomes incorporated in a mucoadhesive in-situ forming gelling system with extended mucociliary transit time