الفهرس 
The Association between the Potential Excess of Vaginal Examinations during Active Phase of Labour and Perineal Trauma in Women during Labour
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Abstract
Background: Vaginal examination is a corner stone in gynaecology and obstetricfield because of the amount of information it gives as an example: cervical dilatation, cervical effacement, etc. The excess of VEs may increase the incidence of infections, dissatisfaction and discomfort so the new trend is to prevent the potential excess of vaginal examinations (PEVE). Perineal trauma is a common hazard during birth ranging from superficial lacerations to 3rd or 4th anal sphincter injury Perineal traumas have many complications but the most common is bleeding even if just laceration, other complications as infection, discomfort and anal incontinence are long term complications. Patients and Methods: This study is an observational cross-sectional analytical study and conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital {u2013} Kasr Al Ainy faculty of medicine and in Imbaba General Hospital during the time interval from February 2021 to September 2021. A total of 460 pregnant females who were in active labour or after rupture of membrane, were included in our study into two groups based on number of vaginal examinations performed during labour: Patients of group 1: < 5 vaginal examinations and Patients of group 2: > 5 vaginal examinations Results: In our study, Incidence of spontaneous perineal tears didn{u2019}t significantly differ based on the number of vaginal examinations in 2 groups (<5&>5 vaginal examinations) with p value 0.20. Also degree of spontaneous perineal tears among 2 groups based on the number of vaginal examinations showed no significance difference with p values 0.09, 0.06, 0.44, and 1.0 for first, second, third and fourth degrees respectively. Age was significantly higher among thepatients who developed spontaneous perineal tears with p value 0.001. While incidence of spontaneous perineal tears in the two groups according to Gestational age (weeks) and birth weight showed that there was no significant difference