الفهرس 
The role of 4D ultrasound (STIC mode with VOCAL technique) in evaluation of fetal cardiac ventricular function in fetuses exposed to increased placentalvascular
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Abstract
Aim of the work: Our study will assess if increased placental vascular impedance to flow is associated with changes in fetal cardiac function, using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL). Patients and methods: This is an analytic case-control study, comparing cardiovascular parameters of abnormal fetuses (ABN) small for gestational age <10th percentile with an umbilical artery pulsatility index > 90th percentile, including Ventricular volumes (end-systole, end-diastole), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), adjusted CO, and ejection fraction (EF) to those of normally grown fetuses (NL). Results: 20 abnormal fetuses were evaluated at a median gestational age of 25.28 (range 19.7 {u2013} 33.14 weeks), and compared to17 normally grown fetuses, the following results were demonstrated: Decreased right and left volumes with right predominance; Decreased both right and left cardiac outputs with right predominance; Increased ventricular ejection fractions with left predominance. Conclusion: Increased placental vascular impedance to flow stimulate fetal cardiovascular programming to compensate hypoxemia and causes significant changes in fetal cardio-vascular parameters and cardiac function