الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Numerous deterioration factors attack archaeological materials on internal and external levels, leading to severe deterioration. Scientists and conservators are searching for appropriate materials for preserving cultural heritage. This study focuses on the study of gel systems optimization for cleaning archaeological painted wood from the Greco-Roman period. The thesis contains three chapters: - Chapter one: This chapter discusses the identification of gels and the Advantages of Gels application in cleaning cultural heritage. Also, the history of gel application in cleaning cultural heritage and gel properties. Additionally, the classification of the gel was discussed in terms of its components. The chapter contains various gel used in preserving cultural heritage. The gel was divided into three types (solvent gel- hydrogel magnetic gel). Furthermore, in this chapter, we present gel applications on various archaeological materials such as; murals, gilded wood, limestone painting, paper, and textile ...). Five essential components form the gel system; the constituents include water, pH buffer, chelating agent, surfactant, and gelling agent. Chapter two: This chapter discusses the analytical study of two painted wooden masks using the digital microscope, Raman microscope FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDS to identify mask components. As a result, experimental samples were prepared with the same components as the artefacts and added deterioration phenomena to the experimental samples, including (soot - dust and dirt - wax - old restoration materials). Gels systems were prepared, applied to samples, and tested to remove the stains, as well as the experimental samples were then subjected to accelerating ageing (thermal - light). The cleaning materials passed a xxxv series of examinations and analyses to assess the cleaning efficiency and avoid remaining residue on the surface. The investigation by colourimeter, FTIR, and SEM, proved that the PVA-borax gel with nano titanium dioxide and enzyme clean the stains effectively and safely without leaving residue on the surface. Chapter three: Two masks made of painted wood from the Greco- Roman period are selected for gel application. Photographic and AutoCAD documentation of the masks and aspects of the damage were caried out. PVA -borax gel with the addition of cleaning agents including nano- titanium dioxide and Lipase enzyme was considered effective in the experimental study. Hence, this gel system was applied to archaeological masks to clean stains. Additional treatment was carried out to the two masks, including filling missing parts and consolidating the wooden support and painted layer. |