الفهرس 
Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pleural effusion is an abnormal overload of fluid in the pleural space caused by either increased fluid production or impaired absorption, or a combination of them.
Ultrasound may be used to measure and describe pleural fluid in order to evaluate whether diagnostic or therapeutic drainage is necessary and to guide thoracocentesis.
The volume of pleural effusion may be quantified or qualifiedly assessed using Ultrasonography. Qualitative assessments describe effusion as minor, moderate, or enormous, while a quantitative assessment employs a variety of equations.
Because diaphragm is the most necessary respiratory muscle, strange diaphragm shape and movement during breathing may be noted in individuals with pleural effusions.
Ultrasonography may be used to evaluate diaphragmatic movement features like variations in movement or diaphragmatic thickness during breathing.
Pleural effusion has an unfavorable effect on the diaphragm’s ability to generate pressure. It dissociates the lung from the chest wall, which may lead to diaphragmatic dysfunction; hence, some studies report enhancement of dyspnea after drainage, which was associated to better diaphragmatic mechanics.
The aim of the study was to clarify the relation between quantity of pleural effusion and diaphragmatic functions by using ultrasound.
The results of this study revealed the following: -
The range of age of GI (25 -65), Mean ±SD was (49.700 ±12.162) years and that of GII rang (28-66), Mean ±SD was (48.95±12.53) years with a statistically insignificant difference (P =0.519).
Age correlated significantly with ultrasonographic findings in GI as thickness of the diaphragm at end of inspiration (p= 0.046), and excursion of the diaphragm at deep breathing (p= 0.020).
In GI number of male was 12, percentage 60% while number of female was 8, percentage 40%.
In GII number of male was 11 percentages 60% while number of female 9 percentage 45% With statistically insignificant difference (P=0.749).
There was no significant correlation between gender and any of the studied patients.
Regarding Statistical comparison of the relation between smoking and ultrasonographic findings in GI, there was no significant correlation between smoking and any of the studied patients.
The quantity of pleural effusion is significantly correlated with excursion of the diaphragm at quiet breathing (cm) (p= 0.002), excursion at deep breathing (cm) (p= 0.0120).