الفهرس 
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Abstract
Steel-concrete composite beams are one of the most cost-effective structural methods for multi-story steel structures and steel bridges. Composite beam designs reduce cost by using less material, more slender floor depths, and faster construction. Furthermore, when compared to non-composite systems, this technique is well-known for the stiffness and strength gains it can achieve. By combining structural parts into a single composite section, the composite action improves structural efficiency. Several methods and techniques have been developed for composite beams, such as steel sections embedded inside concrete beams, steel plates attached to the outer surface of the concrete beams, or the use of an externally bolted/glued steel plate in the compression zone. This approach became well-known for its ability to increase the structural members’ capacity while limiting its deformability. In addition, despite the variety of loadings and functions, these methods have significant success in repairing, strengthening, and upgrading concrete structures.
The primary mechanism of composite construction is to make two elements combine to resist the external load. Composite structures are widely used in many structural applications in civil engineering, such as beams, slabs, walls, and columns. Composite structures are not characterized by a significant reduction in the element size and weight but also by high structural efficiency. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the flexural behavior of low steel reinforcement ratio steel plate-reinforced concrete composite beams.
An experimental examination of fourteen supported beam specimens was carried out to understand the flexural performance better. These specimens have a rectangular cross-section of 12×30 cm and clear spans equal to 160 cm. Two beams served as control beams, while the remaining twelve composite beams, made of the reinforced concrete cast with steel plates and shear connections, The strength of the tension steel bars in each beam is replaced by an external steel plate. Shear connectors were used to strengthen the connection between the steel plate and concrete sections of this construction. Subsequently, the beam specimens were tested in the laboratory using two-point loading.
Meanwhile, the theoretical study entails verifying the experimental work and conducting a parametric study on the behavior of the steel plate-reinforced concrete composite beams using nonlinear finite element software (ANSYS 18.1). The shape and thickness of the steel plates, the concrete compressive strength, the number of shear connectors, and the use of epoxy resin are among the theoretical and experimental variables. The experimental test results revealed that utilizing mild steel plates as a replacement for high-tensile steel reinforcements inversely affects the load-bearing capacity of the steel plate-reinforced concrete composite beams. However, when high-tensile steel plates were used as additional reinforcements, the nonlinear finite element predicted that the ultimate loads for the composite beams would increase by up to 40%