الفهرس 
Title : Early detection of retinal microvascular changes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA)
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Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal microvascular complication of diabetes. Adequate education and treatment can delay its presentation in children and adolescents.Patients and Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study which included 75 patients (150 eyes) of adolescents with type 1diabetes (T1DM) who follow up at Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU), Children hospital, Cairo University. Patients had an age range from 10-18 years with diabetes duration 2 or more years. Fundoscopy, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were done for all patients in the Diagnostic and Laser Unit, Ophthalmology department in Kasr Al Ainy hospitals. Results: The mean age of the studied patients was 14.02 ± 2.26 years, their diabetes duration ranged from 2 to 16 (median 7 and IQR [4-9]) years. History of ketoacidosis at first presentation, Lipohy pertrophy at injection sites and limited joint mobility were found in 66.7%, 57.3% and 50.7% of patients respectively.The patients had a mean HbA1c 9.9 ± 1.98 % and 96% had HbA1c above target ({u2265}7 %); mean triglycerides 100.21 ± 46.83 mg/dL with 12% above target; mean LDL 96.16 ± 32.64 mg/dL, with 34.7% above target, and mean HDL 59± 16.49 mg/d, with 5.3% below target. OCT and OCTA revealed abnormalities in 28 (37.3%) of patients with normal fundoscopy and fundus photographymobility, uncontrolled HbA1c and impaired lipid profile had a negative correlation with OCT and OCTA which are subsequently associated with increased risk of occurrence of DR