الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 445 |  |  |
| | | from | 445 | | |
Abstract
Diabetes is the most prevalent diseases in the world. Hyperglycemia, occurs due to lack of insulin secretion from the β cells in the pancreas (type 1) or the insulin does not work as a result of imbalance in the ability of insulin receptors on the cells (type 2) or both reasons. Experimentally type 1 diabetes can be induced by STZ that destroy β cells, leading to hyperglycemia and hpo-insulinemia. Diabetes causes dysfunction in the immune system and the rate of secretion of cytokines which increases the rate of apoptosis and fibrosis and delays wound healing. The present study was aimed to evaluate the modulating role of BG on type 1diabetes induced by STZ and its efficacy to accelerate skin wound healing.
First experiment: 45 male BALB/C mice were divided into three groups. The 1st was used as control and the other two groups were injected i.p. with STZ (60 mg/kg) once a week for 3 weeks. During the dosing blood glucose was evaluated, mouse with 220 mg/dl or more was considered diabetic. One diabetic group was left as control, and the other was treated with BG (1g/kg) for 4 consecutive weeks. After the end of the treatment, all mice were anesthetized with ether and killed for collection of blood samples and organs for biochemical analysis and histological observation.
The study concluded the following results:
I- First experiment:
Firstly diabetic mice showed the following:
1. Hyperglycemia, hpo-insulinemia, increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and decrease other cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7) in comparison with the control group.
2. Increase in the level of ROS and GSH, and a decrease in the activities of MnSOD, catalase and GSH Px in plasma.
3. A significant increase in the expression of LC3, Beclin-1, Bax and a decrease in expression of Bcl- and p62 in thymus, spleen and axillary lymph node.
4. Pathological changes such as increase collagen fibers in capsule of thymus. Congestion, hemorrhage, decreases in the number of lymphocytes, and increase in T cells in the marrow and cortex. Decrease in B cells and phosphorylation of AKT, increase of collagen fibers, T cells and the expression of HSP-70 in the spleen. Increased collagen fibers, depletion of lymphocytes, increase expression of MCP-1 and a decrease of AKT phosphorylation in the axillary lymph nodes. Presence of congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis in the liver, necrosis of β cells in the Islands of Langerhans with increased collagen fiber around the blood vessels in the pancreas.