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Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma was, until recently, diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination of tumor tissue but the diagnosis can now be established with high degree of specificity on the basis of characteristic radiological features once tumors are greater than 1 cm in diameter (Lee et al., 2012). Furthermore, such an approach obviates both the risk of bleeding and tumor seeding along the biopsy tract (Silva et al., 2008) (Stigliano et al., 2007). Surveillance is well accepted to be the key to effective delivery of potentially curative treatment ,Itinvolves ultrasound examination (Bruix and Sherman ,2011) followed by confirmatory tests if focal lesion/s was detected including 4-phase multidetector CT scan or dynamic contrast- enhanced MRI with or without biopsy. Estimation of serum alpha- fetoprotein (AFP) has also been used for diagnosis, with grossly elevated levels being highly specific for hepatocellular carcinoma |