الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study is the first to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for the epidemiological fingerprint typing of H. pylori isolated from Egyptian patients. The resultant PFGE fingerprints represent a very good measure for strain identity, and we were able to classify isolates of the same clinical manifestation and virulence gene profiles (cagA positive isolates) into further subgroups (A & B) that have no relation with the previous epidemiological markers studied before. We demonstrated the possible relation between different virulence genes and their effect on clinical outcome as well.
In addition, this studyfocused on the genomic features including virulome and resistome studies of H. pylori isolated from native Egyptian patients diagnosed with severe symptoms: erosive gastritis with melena and gastric ulcer with hyperemia and demonstrated its geographical evolutionary relation with other known strains.
We proved the advantage of NGS technique as a typing method over PFGE for studying the genomic fingerprint of heterogenous bacteria like H. pylori. However, further studies should be conducted for the full characterization of H. pylori in that area.
Summary and Conclusion
This study fingerprints represent a very good measure for strain identity, and we were able to classify isolates of the same clinical manifestation and virulence gene profiles (cagA positive isolates) into further subgroups (A & B) that have no relation with the previous epidemiological markers studied before. We demonstrated the possible relation between different virulence genes and their effect on clinical outcome as well.
In addition, this studyfocused on the genomic features including virulome and resistome studies of H. pylori isolated from native Egyptian patients diagnosed with severe symptoms: erosive gastritis with melena and gastric ulcer with hyperemia and demonstrated its geographical evolutionary relation with other known strains.
We proved the advantage of NGS technique as a typing method over PFGE for studying the genomic fingerprint of heterogenous bacteria like H. pylori. However, further studies should be conducted for the full characterization of H. pylori in that area.
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