الفهرس 
Controlling of Mycobacterium strains growth isolated in vitro from human and cattle in Egypt and Mozambique
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of mycobacteria that are important human pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis cause serious chronic life-threatening disease and also significant economic losses in both production and remedication. Recently, emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) complex has generated global recognition of the need for rapid and sensitive diagnosis and development of new treatments. The current study illustrates the isolation/identification of MTBC strains in specimens obtained from cattle and humans by conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Further, the study assesses sensitivity to antituberculosis drugs in isolated MDR strains. Materials and Methods: A total of 1464 samples from cattle (1285 raw milk and 179 lymph node), and 147 human sputum samples, were collected from farms and abattoirs in Delta Egypt. Conventional methods (culture and Ziehl{u2013}Neelsen staining) were implemented as were RT-PCR using MTBC universal DNA. The effect of some antituberculosis drugs on obtained isolates was assayed using drug susceptibility proportion and qualitative suspension techniques. Results: The MBTC detection rate using the culture method was higher than for Ziehl{u2013}Neelsen staining; raw cattle milk (2.56 vs. 1.63%), lymph nodes (52.51 vs. 48.04%), and human sputum (6.12 vs. 4.7%). A total of 136 isolates were obtained. Application of RT-PCR detected 138 isolates from the same set of samples. M.bovis and M.tuberculosis isolates were resistant to first line antituberculosis drugs, such as pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol by (79.52%, 58.26%, 41.73%, and 30.7%) , (55.6% , 77.8% , 22.3% , 44.5%) respectively, M.bovis could be highly resistant to kanamycin (81.1%) and amikacin (82.67%). However, M.bovis isolates remained Sensitive to ciprofloxacin (72.44%) and clarithromycin (76.37%) as second-line drugs