الفهرس 
Status of cadmium, copper, lead and nickel in some soils, plants and water of damietta governorate
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Abstract
This study was conducted in the Damietta governorate, Egypt to estimate the level of cadmium, copper, lead and nickel in the soils, rice and wheat plants and to evaluate its impact on human health. A composite soil samples (from seventy-one different locations) were collected from surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-60 cm) layers. Rice and wheat plant samples collected from the same spots where soil samples were taken. Also, twenty composite irrigation water samples were collected from the irrigation canal to represent four districts (El-Zarka, Faraskour, Kafr Saad, and Damietta). Soil physical and chemical characteristics and concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) in soils, plants and water were determined by standard methods. Health Risk Index (HRI) assessment in grains of rice and wheat is calculated by dividing daily intake of Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni by reference oral dose. Also, we used the average consumption of the world of rice and wheat grains to state of our case. Results indicated that; in the surface soil, total and DTPA extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni are higher than the subsurface layers. A significant linear increase in DTPA extracted Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni concentrations was observed with increasing their total concentration. Positive significant correlations were found between soils DTPA extractable and soil OM content, while significant negative correlation for both CaCO3 percentage and soil pH. Cadmium, Cu, Pb and Ni concentrations of rice and wheat straw and grains are significantly correlated with soil total and DTPA extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni Cd. Whereas, rice grains Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni increased with increasing straw Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni. Wheat grains Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni Cd increased with increasing straw Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni. The Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni concentrations in the wheat and rice grains are lower than EU, WHO and FAO permissible limits with no potential risk on human health