الفهرس 
Development of non-specific low back pain classification system
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Abstract
Background: Low back pain is one of the most common health problems. Around 85% of cases, it is not possible to identify a specific cause and is therefore referred to as non-specific low back pain (NS-CLBP). The ability to accurately identify NS-CLBP sub-groups (based on using more consistent selection criteria and unambiguous terms and descriptions) has been highlighted as a key research priority to establish sub-groups of patients for which underlying mechanisms for pain and disability can be identified. Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to identify and critically appraise studies that evaluating psychometric properties of functionally oriented diagnostic classification systems for NS-CLBP diagnostic classification systems. Methods: This review employed methodology consistent with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases and journals: (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PEDro, CINAHL, Index to chiropractic literature, ProQuest, Physical Therapy, Journal of Physiotherapy, Canadian Physiotherapy and Physiotherapy Theory and Practice) were searched from inception until January 2020. Included studies evaluated the validity and reliability of NS-CLBP diagnostic classification systems in adults. Risk of bias was assessed using a Critical Appraisal Tool. Results: Twenty-two studies were eligible: 5 investigated inter-rater reliability, and 17 studies analyzed validity of O{u2019}Sullivan{u2019}s classification system (OCS, n=15), Motor Control Impairment (MCI) test battery (n=1) and Pain Behavior Assessment (PBA, n=1). Evidence from multiple low risk of bias studies demonstrates that OCS has moderate to excellent inter-rater reliability (kappa > 0.4). Also, 2 low risk of bias studies support of OCS-MCI subcategory