الفهرس 
Preparation and Evaluation of Nano-vesicular Systems for the Non-invasive Treatment of Otic Dysfunction
List of ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 159 |  |  |
| | | from | 159 | | |
Abstract
Drug delivery into the inner ear across the intact tympanic membrane has been a challenge in the treatment of inner ear disorders. In this work, nano-sized carriers with high penetration efficiency supposed to improve the non-invasive oto-topical delivery of caroverine for the treatment of tinnitus. In the mammalian cochlea, glutamate is the excitatory amino acid which mediates neurotransmission between inner hair cells and afferent neurons. In certain pathological conditions, such as brain ischemia and trauma, excessive amount of neurotransmitter glutamate is released which contributes to pathological process described as excitotoxicity in the mammalian cochlea. This otoneurotoxicity model of glutamatergic action promises to cause inner ear disease as tinnitus with or without hearing loss. Caroverine, quinoxaline derivative,has been shown to inhibit glutamate-receptors such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and Ü-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors, which in turn inhibits the disturbed induced activity of inner hair cell afferents that is hypothesized to happen in tinnitus. The efficacy of caroverine in the protection of human cochlea from excitotoxicity along with its antioxidant properties contribute to beneficial effects in the treatment of inner ear diseases and allow the caroverine to be successfully used in the treatment of tinnitus, sudden hearing loss and progressive hearing loss