الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLISION
This experiment was divided into two stages, first stage was in-vitro experiment which conducted in laboratories of Animal Nutrition, Animal Production Department Faculty of Agriculture. Second stage was in-vivo stage which conducted in Animal Production Department Farm located in Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.
The aim of this study was:
1. Evaluate the effect of some medicinal herbs with different doses on rumen fermentation parameters, Gas production and degradability of both dry matter and organic matter to choose the best treatments can applicated to sheep.
2. Estimate the effect of experimental doses of choose medicinal herbs on some ruminal fermentation parameters, some blood parameters, immunity and animal performance with Rahmanii sheep.
This study contains two experiments:
1. The first experiment was in-vitro gas production trial.
According to previous studied on used medicinal herbs as feed additives for ruminant which found in literature, garlic pulp powder, fennel seed powder, dill seed powder and marjoram leaves powder were conducted to evaluate its effect with doses 0.6 ,0.8, 1, 1.2 ,1.4 and 1.6 gm /kg of ration on pH , gas production and degradability of dry matter and organic matter.
In-vitro experiment result could be illustrated in follow points:
• Fennel and marjoram shown significantly (p˂0.05) increased pH. While the used of garlic and dill had no effect on pH compared to control and alfalfa hay groups and we must obvious that this result reverse to the mean of every medicinal herp deprived of the effect of doses.
• All additives did not have significant effect on gas production compared to control (ration without additives), but still significantly decreased compared to gas production from alfalfa hay.
• The doses of garlic, fennel, dill and marjoram shown significant increase (p˂0.05) on values for DM and OM degradability were 1&1.4 gm for garlic, 1.2, 0.8 and 1gm /kg ration DM for fennel, dill and marjoram respectively.
2- In-vivo experiment (second experiment)
Eleven ewes in second parturition season and eight lamb with average age 3 months were divided into six groups using factorial design with repeated measurements design. The experimental trials were control (C) consist of control ration ( CFM 60% added to rice straw 20% and alfalfa hay 20%),T1=control plus garlic 1gm/kg DM , T2= control plus 1.4 gm/kg DM , T3=control plus 1.2 gm fennel/kg DM , T4= control in addition to dill with dose 0.8gm/kg DM and T5=control in addition to marjoram 1 gm/kg DM
The in-vivo results could be summarized in following points:
• Ruminal fermentation parameters and ruminal protozoa.
Used of experimental doses of medicinal herbs had no significant (p ˃ 0.05) differences on ruminal fluid pH, Marjoram, fennel and dill significantly (p˂0.05) increased volatile fatty acid secretion. While, garlic with two experimental doses did not significantly effected VFA production.
All treatments did not effected the count of protozoa with its two types entodinium and holotricha except T1 decreased both of two types and T5 which decreased entodinum count without effect on holotricha compared to control group.
• Blood plasma parameters
Fennel show the highest value for blood plasma TP, also T1 and T4 significantly (p˂0.05) increased TP in blood plasma while T2 and T5 had no significant effect.
Globulin and total plasma immunoglobulin in blood plasma used in this study as indicator if the additives have a significant effect on animal immunity or not and found that, T1, T3, T4 and T5 increased significantly globulin. similarly, total plasma immunoglobulin increased with T5 and T2 while the other treatments did not show a significant effect (p˃0.05) compared to control group.
Blood plasma AST and ALT
Kidney and liver function did not affect with additives where whole parameters (AST, ALT, Urea, Creatinine and Albumin) were in normal range.
• Dry matter intake and feed efficiency
Treatments increased significantly (p˂0.05) DM intake with percent 27.95, 18.28, 22.58, 40 and 3.22% respectively from T1 to T5.
Used of garlic, Fennel, dill and marjoram increased TDN and CP efficiency for rahmanii sheep where decreased units of TDN and CP used for producing one unit of growth. The better efficiency shows with garlic 1.4 gm/kg of ration DM, for TDN was 4.33 unit compared to 5.21unit with control group for increased 1 unit of weight, and for CP was with marjoram.
• Growth parameters
Used of fennel, dill, marjoram and garlic increased significantly average daily gain, final body weight and average weight the highest value for ADG was 161.11 with fennel compared to control group 121.11 gm /day. Garlic 1 and 1.4 gm, dill and marjoram ADG was respectively 132.78, 132.78, 159.44 and 138.33gm/day.
Conclusion
from the present study, it could be concluded that:
• Used of medicinal herbs (garlic, fennel, dill and marjoram) improved immunity, liver and kidney function of sheep.
• Used of fennel seed powder, garlic powder and dill seed powder improved total plasma protein then improved growth.
• Used of medicinal herbs as feed additives for ruminant manipulate rumen environment and improve ruminal function, nutrient digestibility.
• Using garlic, fennel, dill and marjoram as feed additives improved lambs productivity regarding average weight, average daily gain and improved dry matter intake.
Finally used of medicinal herps as feed additives needs more studies to discover its mode of action in rumen.