الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective: Inflammation is a defense mechanism that developed in higher organisms to defend
them from infection and injury. Current study aimed to explain anti-inflammatory and protective
effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) oil extract and licorice (L).
Methods:
Seventy two male rats were used in the current study. They were divided into 6 groups; group
(C): Kept as normal control that received normal saline 0.9% NaCl solution in a dose of 0.5
ml/kg body weight orally for 10 days, group (MO): Normal rats that received daily MO oil
extract in a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight orally for 10 days , group (L): Normal rats that
received daily L extract in a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight orally for 10 days, group (CA):
Kept as normal control that received normal saline 0.9% NaCl solution in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg
body weight orally for 10 days then received a single injection of 0.1 ml of carrageenan-saline
solution (1%, w/v) into the plantar surface of the hind paw of left leg, at the 10th day of the
experiment, group (MA): Normal rats that received daily MO oil extract in a dose of 400 mg/kg
body weight orally for 10 days then received a single injection of 0.1 ml of carrageenan-saline
solution (1%, w/v) into the plantar surface of the hind paw of left leg at the 10th day of the
experiment, group (LA): Normal rats that received daily L extract in a dose of 250 mg/kg body
weight orally for 10 days then received a single injection of 0.1 ml of carrageenan-saline solution
(1%, w/v) into the plantar surface of the hind paw of left leg at the 10th day of the experiment.
The following parameters were measured: Hematological parameters (RBCs count, Hb
concentration, PCV value, blood indices, and WBCs count), biochemical parameters (total
protein (TP), albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, liver enzyme (ALT), and kidney function (creatinine,
and urea)), antioxidants (MDA, NO and SOD), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6),
and arthritic markers (RF and CRP) were determined.
Results:
The results showed that MO oil extract and L extract significantly ameliorated the levels of
serum hepatic, antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokines that deteriorated by carrageenan.
Histopathological examination of hind paws, stomach and small intestine tissues were in
concurrence with the biochemical results.
Conclusions:
It is logical to consider that the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative properties of MO and L are
mechanistically achieved. So, MO and L could be used as protective agents against
inflammation.