الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In vitro direct and indirect propagation of blackberry (Rubus sp.) were studied. The disinfection process was represented using different concentrations of Clorox (10, 15, 20%) with exposure times (5 and 10 min.), the best treatment being achieved for shoot tips (10% Clorox for 5 min and (5% Clorox for 5min) for leaves. Maximum shoot number obtained on MS medium supplemented with IBA at 0.5 mg/l in combination 2.0 mg/l BA. Using 0.5 mg/l BA alone occurred a great multiplication rate. Maximum volume of callus induction and callus % were produced at TDZ or NAA or 2,4-D each alone from leaf explants. Addition of 2.0mg/l TDZ to MS medium increased callus induction from in vitro leaves than ex vitro leaves and having the best response, also gave the highest response of organogenesis. Increasing sodium alginate from 2 up to 4 % increased survival percentage , conversion of encapsulated buds and produced smooth texture as well as for survival and conversion was observed with 4 % sodium alginate solution and 125 mM CaCl2.2H2O. Storage of synthetic seeds on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 to 1.0 mg/l BA gradually increased growth ability of capsules. The highest percentage (100%)growth ability was observed on 30 g/l sorbitol after 4 weeks of storage. High viability of capsules and kept it for eight weeks with lowest growth at 1.0 mg/l PBZ. For rooting the highest number of roots occurred on medium contained NAA at 2.0 mg\l.
Maximum of rooted shoots appeared with 1/2 MS strength medium gave highest leaves number and plant length (cm). While, 1/4 MS strength resulted in tallest roots (2.72 cm). The rooting of plants derived from ½ MS salt strength medium gave highest leaves number, plant length, roots number than other strengths of MS after two months from acclimatization in greenhouses. The best root length was 7.25cm when explants were cultured on MS medium containing 0.50 mg/l Kin. Using ½ MS supplemented with 0.170 mg/l KH2PO4, 0.440 mg/l CaCl2, 0.370 mg/l MgSO4 in rooting media gave the best plant length, leaves number, root number and root length. Maximum plant length, leaves number , root number, root length and leaves area was obtained when blackberry explants were incubated under white fluorescence lamp at intensity of 3000 lux. For acclimatization ½ MS nutrient salt strength gave plant length, leaves number, root number, root length and survival percentage. Acclimatization of plantlets in greenhouse for more healthy rooting using mist system with lied gave the best result in plant length, leaves number, root number, root length and leaves area. Rooting of plantlets on MS medium supplemented with ½ MS, 0.085 mg/l KH2PO4, 0.220 mg/l CaCl2, 0.185mg/l MgSO4 gave the best root number. 1/2 MS+ KH2PO4 0.170 mg/l+CaCl2 0.440 mg/l+ MgSO4 0.370 mg/l gave the best root length. Plants are grown in normal form when incubated under 2000 Lux gave the best result in all data ( plant length, leaves number, root number, root length, leaves area in greenhouse. Rooting of plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l Kin resulted in the maximum plant length, leaves number, root number, root length and plant weight when adapted in greenhouse after one month.
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Key words: Blackberry (Rubus sp), MS salt strength, BA, TDZ , Callus induction, Organogenesis, Light intensity, Synthetic seeds , Conversion, Acclimatization.