الفهرس 
ABSTRACTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 116 |  |  |
| | | from | 116 | | |
Abstract
The current study was aimed to demonstrate the effects of different doses of nicotine on liver and kidney of rat newborn at various postnatal days 7, 14 and 21. In order to obtain the desired objectives the pregnant female rats were divided into three groups:
group (A): Control group received 0.2 µl i.p. of PBSS (pH 7.4),from the 6th days of pregnancy to the 21stdays of lactation.
group (B): Treated group received 0.5 mg/kg of nicotine from 6th day of gestation to the 21st day of lactation.
group (C): Treated group received 1.5 mg/kg of nicotine from 6thday of gestation to the 21stday of lactation.
After the pregnancy, the decapitation was carried out at postnatal days 7, 14 and 21 under mild diethyl ether anesthesia. The blood samples were taken from jugular vein and allowed to coagulate at room temperature then centrifuged at 3000 r.p.m. for 30 min. The clear nonhaemolyzed supernatant sera was quickly removed and kept at -20°C for subsequent biochemical analysis
Afterwards the animals were anesthetized under mild diethyl and dissected to get the liver and kidney. Slices of the liver were fixed in10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 h, they were dehydrated through ascending series of ethanol, cleared in xylene and embedded in paraffin wax. 5 μm thick sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological studies. Liver and kidney were homogenate using Teflon homogenizer (Glas-Col, Terre Haute, USA) and the supernatants were kept at -20°C till use in the determination of LPO, SOD and CAT. Thus, the obtained data from this experimental work revealed the following
1- In the control group, the neonatal liver at postnatal day 7, 14 and 21 showed normal architecture of hepatic lobules, the central veins lie at the center of the lobules surround by the hepatocytes. While in nicotine-treated groups, the neonatal liver exhibited some histopathological changes as damage and degeneration of cell arrangement, congestion in the portal area, marked bile duct hyperplasia, cellular infiltration. Hepatocytes showed marked vacuolated cytoplasm, severe necrotic changes and inflammation. These alterations were more prominent at PND 21 and a high nicotine doses.
2- Examination of kidney sections from control rats stained with hematoxylin and eosin show normal architecture of the renal corpuscles and tubules. Histopathological investigation of kidney sections of rats showed renal structure abnormalities and degeneration of proximal and distal tubules, congestion and dilatation in glomerulus and severe hypercellularity and necrosis. These changes increased as the age progressed and the doses increased.
3- Briefly, treatment with nicotine caused significant rise in ALT, AST and Urea compared to the control group at PND 7, 14 and 21 and this increase appeared strongly as the age and dose increased. While the plasma total protein and Creatinine level showed a marked reduction.
4- The nicotine administration induced the oxidative stress state in the liver and kidney of neonates, where higher levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and lower levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were recorded at both PNDs 7, 14 and 21 relative to those in the control group and these changes were observed clearly at PND21 and at a high dose of nicotine. This variance may be a factor in the mal-development in the liver and kidney.