الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The supraorbital eyebrow approach is a minimally invasive keyhole technique that offers wide access to the anterior skull base and parasellar region by exploiting the subfrontal corridor. The approach through the eyebrow permits access to a number of lesions in the subfrontal corridor with minimal brain retraction and a much smaller area of potential injury of superficial structures. All minimally invasive techniques have a learning curve, and smaller, simpler lesions should be performed first through this approach before moving on to larger, more complicated lesions. Preoperative planning and image guidance may be used to precisely define the surgical trajectory.
The major limitation of the supraorbital approach is that it can never be the standard one for all lesions. Because of the small size of the craniotomy, the procedure must be evaluated in each case to be certain that the goal can be achieved. There is less opportunity to change the surgical plan after the craniotomy is performed.
Endoscopy can play an important role in improving visualization through the keyhole corridor. With the use of neuroendoscopy, the reach of this approach may be extended even further to include the pituitary fossa, the top third of the clivus, the interpeduncular cistern, the anterior third ventricle, and the medial and anterior temporal lobe and middle fossa. Neuromonitoring may further increase surgical safety.
Attention to details can allow this approach to be performed with superb cosmetic results while still achieving surgical efficacy and limiting complications.