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Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic success of pulpotomy in vital immature first permanent molar using calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate-based material (Biodentine {u2122}).This study was carried out on patients attending outpatient clinic in Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department-Faculty of Dentistry{u2013} Cairo University {u2013} Egypt. In this current randomized controlled trial (RCT), a total of thirty five patients had thirty eight vital immature first permanent molar with deep caries, who satisfied for the eligibility criteria and completed follow up period. The included patients were fifteen males & twenty females. Their age ranged between six years to nine years old with mean age 7.5+/- 1 years. All teeth were mandibular (twenty mandibular right 1st permanent molars and eighteen mandibular left 1st permanent molars). The design of this study was randomized controlled trial (RCT), parallel group with 1:1 allocation ratio and equivalence framework. Triple blinded (The patients, radiographic assessors of results and statistician were blinded to the type of pulp-capping biomaterial used) Pulpotomy was performed in this study to preserve the vitality and function of the remaining radicular pulp tissue then followed by application of one of investigated pulp capping materials |