الفهرس 
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF GONIOMETER RECORDS SMARTPHONE APPLICATION IN MEASURING KNEE RANGE OF MOTION FOR PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME
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Abstract
Background: limitation of knee range of motion (ROM) in patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) affects knee function thus the need of accurate assessment of ROM is increased to apply the best management. Nowadays, smartphones are widely used in musculoskeletal assessment besides that they are easily accessible and portable. Many applications have been validated to measure joints ROM, expecting the effective use of smartphones as a clinical tool in assessing ROM. The aim of this study is to investigate the concurrent validity and reliability of using smartphones in assessing knee ROM in patients with PFPS. Methods: 40 PFPS patients were assessed (8 females and 32 males). Knee ROM was measured simultaneously by the smartphone 2Goniometer Records3 application and the bubble inclinometer. Each participant had three times measurements for each movement (knee flexion, knee extension) per session and the average of the three trials was taken as the patient{u2019}s ROM score and used for further statistical analyses. Results: Reliability and Validity of the smartphone application were analyzed using the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Pearson{u2019}s correlation. There was a strong positive correlation to confirm concurrent validity between the smartphone goniometer application and the bubble inclinometer (r=0.97-0.98; p=0.0001) in this study. Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability and Test-retest reliability of smartphone application suggested excellent reliability for knee flexion and extension (ICC = 0.988 - 0.997), (ICC= 0.985 - 0.994), (ICC= 0.984 - 0.994) respectively. Conclusion: Smartphone application is a valid and reliable alternative for bubble inclinometer in measuring active knee ROM in patients with PFPS