الفهرس 
Definition of shaft femurOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Incidence of femoral shaft fractures is less in comparison to other long bone fractures. The majority of these fractures are closed fractures. Causes of femoral shaft fractues are mostly high velocity traffic accidents, falls from a great height and crushing or running over mechanisms.These fractures can result in permanent and severe disabilities, such as rotational deformity and limb shortening of the affected leg. Other common complications include infection, residual pain, nonunion and delayed union. Intramedullary nailing (IMN) is currently the gold standard for treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Interlocking intramedullary nailing is considered the most successful and effective method of definitive treatment in most types of femoral shaft fractures. It provides rotational stability, strong fixation ,and earliest return to functional status as rate of healing fracture is very good with nailing. Although intramedullary nailing is a widely accepted treatment for femoral shaft fractures with union rate from 85% to 100%. Nonunion is a common problem for orthopedic surgeons. There are many factors which may affect the stability of fracture and union. These factors may include surgical, patient ,and fracture factors. Surgical factors such as degree of reduction (anatomic or unsatisfactory reduction), nail insertion (antegrade or retrograde) and size of nail (reamed or unreamed). Patient factors such as metabolic and nutritional status, general health, level of activity and tobacco smoking. Fracture factors such as fracture site (proximal ordistal) and shape of fracture (transverse, oblique and spiral) which considered relevant factors in the stability of internal fixation. The aim of this work was to study and evaluate the factors that lead to nonunion fracture shaft femur in adults treated by IMN in Tanta university that includes surgical, patient and fracture factors. Our study was prospective and retrospective randomized study that carried on 150 patients attending the Orthopedics Department of Tanta University Hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 for 94 prospective cases and since 2019 for 56 retrospective cases.