الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory disease and one of the autoimmune diseases in which the immune system attacks various organs and tissues of the body such as the kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, blood, skin, as well as nerves. It is believed that genetic, hormonal and environmental factors contribute to SLE in humans. Symptoms of SLE include extreme fatigue, pain and swelling of the joints, headache, a rash on the cheeks and nose called butterfly rash, hair loss, anemia, blood clotting, white or blue fingers and cold tingling, which is known as Raynaud’s phenomenon. This is one of the most difficult diseases to treat. This study aimed to define the disease through a typical diagnosis by detecting anti-nuclear antibodies (Anti- dsDNA, ANA) by ELISA from samples from patients of the immunology and rheumatology clinics of Mansoura University Hospital in Egypt and from healthy control, and also detecting the genotype of the interleukin-1 receptor by PCR-RFLP using the MSP A1I enzyme.