الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 148 |  |  |
| | | from | 148 | | |
Abstract
1. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major cereal crop in Egypt as well as several other countries. World average cultivated area of wheat reached 223.68* million hectares in 2020; the total production was 798.11* million metric tons, with an average productivity of 3.59* metric tons per hectare. Egypt grew in 2020, 1.10* million hectares and produced 8.04* million metric tons of grains, with an average yield of 6.11* metric tons per hectare. With increasing population, it could hardly satisfy only 55% of local requirements. The increasing gap between production and consumption necessitates increasing wheat production in Egypt. To overcome this problem is to increasing the productivity of wheat through an efficient breading program
Salinity stress is one of the major factors responsible for less yield and restricted economic utilization of land resources both in arid and semi-arid regions of the world severe salinity problems (El Ameen et al. 2020). Also, Salinity stress is a major environmental challenge thatlimits the productivity of crop production worldwide (Oyiga et al.2016). More than 800 Mha of land are affected by salinity, which is equivalent to more than 6% of the world’s total land (Mickelbart et al.2005). Hence, efforts to improve the salt tolerance of plants are of immense importance for sustainable agriculture and may also significantly improve crop yield (Goyal et al.2016).
Foreign Agricultural Service / USDA Office of Global A