الفهرس 
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Maize (Zea mays L) is considered as the third cereal crop after rice and wheat over all the world for production and consumption. In addition to its use as a human food, it is also utilized as a poultry and livestock feed and also as a fodder. Moreover, it is also used for industrial purposes such as manufacturing starch and cooking oils.The cultivated area of maize in Egypt during 2020 year is about 2,614,146 fed of which, yellow maize reached 691, 756 fed. The average grain yield fed was about 2.6 ton fed-1(Bulletin of Agricultural 2020).
Failure of the national production to meet the needs of Egyptian new land may be attributed to the effects of various biotic and abiotic constraints including low soil fertility, poor crop management practices, low adoption of improved hybrids, and pest and disease damages. Low soil fertility, particularly soil nitrogen deficiency, is a serious concern of maize farmers in Egypt. The problem is worsened by the lack of availability and/or high prices of mineral fertilizers in the country. In addition, continuous cropping over decades with no measures in place to regenerate the soil’s productivity has contributed to decreased soil fertility and, consequently, the low level of maize production in new land.
Maximizing food and agricultural production, depends mainly on promoting high yielding maize hybrids to cover the mounting consumption of maize. This depends mostly on th