الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate some pharmacodynamics effects of Moringa oleifera leaves and ZnO-NPs in comparison with diclazuril in broiler chicks experimentally infested with mixed Eimeria species. For these experiments 200 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 5 groups, each of 40 birds as follows:
Group1: served as control, chicks were administered normal feed and water for 42 days.
Group2: Served as infested non medicated, chicks were fed on ration without any medication for 42 days and experimentally infested with 15x coccidian vaccine per bird at 14th day of the experiment.
Group3: Chicks were fed on ration mixed with Diclazuril at concentration level of 1mg/kg. for 42 days and experimentally infested with 15x coccidian vaccine per bird at 14th of the experiment.
Group4: Chicks were fed on ration mixed with zinc oxide nanoparticles (20 mg. /kg.) for 42 days and experimentally infested with 15x coccidian vaccine per bird at 14th day of the experiment.
Group5: Chicks were fed on ration mixed with Moringa oleifera leaves (20gm. /kg. ration) for 42 days and experimentally infested with 15x coccidian vaccine per bird at 14th day of the experiment.
The ration and water were provided for the five group’s ad-libitum. Along the period of the experiment for 42 days.
Six birds from each infested and control groups were slaughtered at 3rd week and 6th weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Blood and body organs were obtained from all groups.
The obtained results are summarized as follows:
1-Effects on pathogenicity of coccidial infestation:
Broiler chicks infested with mixed Eimeria species at 14th day of the experiment without medication showed severe form of coccidiosis represented by a high oocysts count, lesion score and mortality rate and a significant decrease in plasma carotenoid level. Administration of diclazuril, ZnO-NPs and Moringa oleifera each alone significantly decrease oocysts count, lesion score and mortality rate as compared with infested non-treated group. Among the treated groups, the improvement in lesion score and plasma carotenoid was similar in infested- Moringa oleifera and ZnO-NPs treated groups followed by diclazuril treated group.
2-Growth promoting findings:
Broiler chicks infested with mixed Eimeria species without medication showed a significant reduction in final body weight, average body weight gain and significant increase FCR as compared with control group. Administration of diclazuril, ZnO-NPs and Moringa oleifera significantly improved final body weight, BWG and FCR as compared with infested non-treated group. There was an insignificant change in the growth parameters within different infested treated groups.
3-Haematological Findings:
Broiler chicks infested with mixed Eimeria species without medication showed a significant reduction in Hb concentration, R.B.Cs. count and PCV % as compared with control group. Administration of diclazuril, ZnO-NPs and Moringa oleifera showed a significant increase in Hb concentration, R.B.Cs. count and PCV % as compared with infested non-treated group. There was an insignificant change in the previously parameters within different infested treated groups.
4-Biochemical Findings :
Broiler chicks infested with mixed Eimeria species without medication showed a significant increase in serum levels of ALP, cholesterol, LDL and MDA content as well as, a significant decrease in serum total protein, globulin and total antioxidant capacity values as compared with control group.
While, Administration of diclazuril, ZnO-NPs and Moringa oleifera showed a marked improvement in all previous biochemical parameters as compared with infested non-treated group.
It was observed that Moringa oleifera has hypo –cholesteroemic and antioxidant effects better than other treated groups.
5-Histo-pathological Findings:
Challenging of broiler chicks with mixed Eimeria species induced deleterious effects on intestine and bursa. Also, mild changes in liver and kidney. Administration of diclazuril, ZnO-NPs and Moringa oleifera leaves succeeded to ameliorate these lesions in the treated broiler chicks.