الفهرس 
الفصل الأوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The world has witnessed during the past few decades good civilizational developments, the standard of living in general has increased, and the dependence on the use of modern cannula means has increased in most aspects of life, which has made the individual in general reduced in movement, captive to the means of entertainment, and the availability of foods rich in fats and sugars significantly and the demand for eating them has increased, which negatively affected the health of the individual and society, and thus the practice of physical activity has become an important and wide role in influencing all aspects The life of all members of society with what it offers of physical and healthy construction and that the development and sophistication witnessed by developed societies of physical and healthy construction and that the development and sophistication witnessed by developed societies is the product of many factors, including scientific development, which opened new horizons in the development of means and fields that serve the individual and help him to reach a better standard of life, and because of these changes the movement of man decreased as a result of his dependence on modern devices of automatic and electronic vehicles and resulted in a kind of lethargy and lack of Movement that has had a negative impact on the health of the individual, his strength and the safety of his vital and functional organs
The bones are the main axis of human strength and the basic nucleus that the muscles are covered and connected to each other through ligaments, and therefore the researcher believes that any change that occurs in the basic components of the human body as a result of the practice of exercise must have a positive effect on the bones as the main engine of the human body, which prompted the researcher to the need to conduct this study by following the proper scientific method to reduce and prevent the infection of this disease by studying and applying a rehabilitation and nutritional program for patients Osteoporosis in women aged 50-55 years by measuring bone density and calcium in the blood.
Research Objectives:
1 - Identify the impact of the physical rehabilitation and nutritional program on the research variables.
2 - Identify the impact of the physical rehabilitation program on the research variables.
3- Identify the impact of the nutritional program on research variables
. 4 - Identify the rates of improvement between the dimensional measurements of the three groups.
Scientific importance:
The scientific importance of the research is to address one of the most important causes of life problems for the elderly in Egyptian society, which in turn leads to fractures and their complications and may lead to death as a result of the resulting injuries. Exposure by study to the most serious consequences of aging, which is the phenomenon of imbalance associated with this age stage and the consequent stumbling and fall, and the resulting risks and injuries. Trying to strengthen the Arab library with a special study to train the elderly in the light of their health conditions and physical fitness.
Research hypotheses:
1- There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the first group in the research variables (average bone density in both the spine, left thigh and left forearm - total calcium ratio - vitamin D - estradiol - parathromone). 2- There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the second group in the research variables (the rate of bone density in both the spine, left thigh and left forearm - the ratio of total calcium - vitamin D - estradiol - parathromone). 3- There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the third group in the research variables (average bone density in both the spine, left thigh and left forearm - the ratio of total calcium - vitamin D - estradiol - parathromone). Statistically significant differences between the dimensional measurements of the three groups are found in the following variables (average bone density in both spine, left thigh and left forearm – total calcium ratio – vitamin D – estradiol – parathromone
Termes utilisés:
Ostéoporose :
C’est une maladie silencieuse et est connue comme une diminution progressive de la densité osseuse en raison du déséquilibre naturel entre la perte de cellules osseuses et la formation d’une nouvelle cellule osseuse, où l’os est normal à tous égards et devient fragile et ainsi l’os devient faible et incapable de résister à plus de stress sans être cassé. (3 : 37))
Severe Osteoporosis
Estimated bone salt density less than (-2:5) of the standard deviation below the average maximum density of bone salts in adults, accompanied by severe exposure to fractures. (5:10) Low bone salt density
Osteopenia
Bone salt density is estimated to be between (-1) and (-2,5) of the standard deviation below the average maximum density of bone salts in adults, and is not accompanied by fracture suspension. (5:12)
Normal Bone Mineral Density:
Bone Mineral Density is estimated to be less than (-1) of the standard deviation below the average maximum in adults. (5:13)
Rehabilitation exercises:
It is a position and movements aimed at returning the affected organ to its normal state as it was before the injury. (13:2)
Bone density:
BMD is a medical term that usually refers to the amount of mineral substances per square centimeter of bone density and is used in clinical medicine as an indirect indicator of osteoporosis and risk of fractures. (10 : 68 )
Research Procedures First:
Research Methodology: -
In order to achieve the objectives and hypotheses of the research, the researcher used the experimental approach by designing three groups using pre- and post-measurement in order to suit it with the objectives and nature of the research.
Second: The research community and sample The research community:
The research community was represented in the women with osteoporosis in one of the rehabilitation centers in the center of Wasta in Beni Suef governorate and their number was 15 women.
Second: The research sample: -
The research sample was selected by the deliberate method for (9) women with osteoporosis in Beni Suef governorate in the center of Wasti, and the sample was divided into three groups each group 3 women with the work of homogeneity of the sample members in all the research variables, as the first group included the rehabilitation program in addition to the food program in the second group included the application of the rehabilitation program only and the third group took the nutritional supplement only taking into account the availability of the conditions of selection of the sample in them.
Third: Conditions for selecting the sample: -
- Consent to participate in the conduct of the research experiment
- Osteoporosis at the level according to the Dexa scale
- The ages of the members of the research sample ranged from (50-55 years) with their convergence in terms of height, weight and age with the homogeneity of the sample in all research variables.
- All members of the sample are non-smokers because of its harmful effect on the thyroid gland, which secretes the hormone bartheroid.
- All sample members do not consume caffeine found in coffee, nescafe and carbonated water, because it increases the secretion of juice in the stomach, which increases the stomach ulcer and affects the absorption of calcium
Fourth: Research Areas:
Human field: - The human field included women with osteoporosis according to the Dexa scale in the dental stage of (50-55 years).
Time Range:
- The pilot experiment was conducted in the period from 18/5/2021 to 22/5/2021
. The tribal measurement was carried out in the period from 25/5/2021 to 27/5/2021. The basic experiment of the research was conducted from 29/5/2021 to 29/8/2021. The telemetry was performed in the same conditions as the pre-measurement in the period
from 31/8/2021 to 1/9/2021
Geographical area: -
- A large playground to perform walking exercises
- A hall to perform the exercises of the proposed sports program
- Devices and tools to perform resistance training with weights
Fifth: Tools and devices used in the research: -
- The researcher used the following tools and devices in the research (medical balls - free weights of different weights - rubber astic - Swiss balls) - Measurement registration form (annex 1)
- Expert opinion survey form in the exercises of the rehabilitation program (Annex 2)
Anthropometric measurements include: -
- Measurement of length.
- Weighing measurement.
Physiological measurements include: -
(a) Measurement of the level of bone density BMD: -
(b) Measurement of the concentration of calcium salts in the blood, the hormone ethyroid, the hormone estradiol 17 beta, by the specialist doctor at the Beni Suef Medical Center.
Sixth: Steps to implement the research: -
In light of the research problem and the objectives set and in the light of the method used, the researcher conducted the survey experiment in the period from (18/5/2021) to (22/5/2021) on a sample of five women with osteoporosis from outside the research sample and applied to them the same conditions as the selection of the sample, and the survey study aimed at the following: -
- Preparation of a registration form for data and measurements for each infected woman. - Identify the time taken to conduct tests and measurements.
- selection of assistants and training them on the use of devices and how to register.
- Identify the suitability of the proposed program for the members of the research sample.
- Identify the suitability of the proposed food program for the members of the research sample.
- Know the suitability of the components of the training loads for the infected study sample
- Determine the necessary rest periods for each injured woman between each training and another
- Identify the difficulties that can occur Apply the research experience and try to overcome them.
Executive Steps:-
- The survey experiment was conducted in the period from 18/5/2021 to 22/5/2021
- The pre-measurement and alert was carried out the need to fast for a period of not less than 12 hours, and not more than 14 hours before taking a blood sample and performing osteoporosis measurement with a Dexa device on the area of the spine and groin joint
- The training program was conducted in the first group that underwent a proposed program of physical exercise and the proposed diet program in the period from 29/5/2021 to 29/8/2021 i.e. (12) weeks, As well as the second experimental group that underwent nutritional supplementation only and the third experimental group that underwent the same program of physical exercise only and under the supervision of the specialist doctor taking into account the following:
1- The principle of gradualism in increasing the load.
2The principle of continuity of the program. Taking into account individual differences.
- At the end of the experiment, the members of the research sample were alerted to fasting as happened when the experiment began, and the blood sample was drawn and bone density was performed again with the Dexa device of the spine and the hip joint of three experimental groups
- Telemetry was performed from 31/8/2021 to 1/9/2021
Training Program :
- Duration of the program (12) weeks from 29/5/2021 to 29/8/2021
- Number of training units per week 4 times
- Unit time 40 s
The content of the training module :
A - Warm-up (10 s) Walking at a gradual speed, running around the track, walking on the moving rug
B- Includes exercises: for the arms - the torso - the neck - the legs - the wrist - the elbow - the shoulder - the spine (attachment 3)
c- Weight exercises 15 exercises include:
1- Chest Pectorals /chest
2 - Press Bach/pulley
3 - Leg muscles/leg extension
4 - Leg muscles posterior muscles exercise / hamstring
5- Thigh connective muscle exercise leg muscles / Abducto
r 6- Leg muscles / Abductor
7- Muscle exercise Biceps / Larry scattim
8- Triceps / standing
9- Exercise for the deltoid muscle Shoulders/shoulder Press
10- Exercise for the Sama muscle
C- Complementary exercises 10 s - abdomen and back
D - soothing exercises 5 s - light walking and stretches
Seventh: The statistical method used:
- The researcher used the following statistical methods required by the nature of the study to achieve the objectives and hypotheses of the research, which are as follows: -
- Arithmetic average
- Standard deviation.
- Torsion coefficients.
- Significance of differences in the non-barometric way (Wilcoxon).
- Significance of differences by analysis of variance
- function of statistical differences using T.test (v) tests
- percentages of change
First: The conclusions:
of the research in the light of the results of the research that was carried out to identify the effect of a program of physical exercise associated with a dietary supplement to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis for women and in accordance with the objectives of the research and within the limits of the research sample and the method used and based on the results of statistical analysis and presentation of data the researcher can conclude the following:
1- Improvement of the level of BMD bone density in both the spine and the thigh joint and in favor of the program group and the diet program due to the effect of the mechanical factor with the availability of calcium and vitamin D for the process Bone building has been inferred from DEXA rays.
2- Increase the concentration of the hormone paratheroid for both research groups and for the benefit of the program group and the nutritional program as the hormone has enhanced the level of calcium in the blood through its excretion from the bones for balance events in the level of calcium in the blood
3- Increase the concentration of the hormone estradiol17 beta for each of the three research groups, which enhances the constructive role of estrogen in the process of great construction.
4- Increased calcium concentration for each of the three research groups and the increase was greater in favor of the rehabilitation program group and the food program.
5- Increase the levels of
- 6- There are statistically significant differences in both (bone density of the spine - density of femoral bones - calcium) between the dimensional measurement of the group of the training program and the telemetry of the group of the training program accompanying the food program in favor of the group of the sports program accompanying the food program, which indicates that it was more influential than the sports program only.
Second: - Research recommendations
in the light of this research and the objectives achieved in this study and the conclusions derived from the presentation and statistical analysis of the research data The researcher recommends the following: - 1- The need to benefit from the proposed sports program that contributed to increasing bone density through physical exercise programs and weight resistance training. Not to neglect the therapeutic aspect using natural and medically approved complementary substances.
2- Attention to secondary medical examination to measure the level of bone density BMD for women after menopause. Interest in practicing the sport of walking for at least an hour a day and this period can be divided into two periods of duration each period of 30 BC.
3- Attention to nutrition, especially those containing calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D during the three diets because of their effect in increasing bone density.