الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ability of Musca domestica (housefly) larval haemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vitro antitumor and cytotoxic effects. Third instar larvae were injected with Curcumin and the haemolymph was collected from control and challenged larvae at 4, 8 and 24 h post-injection. Changes in MdCecA peptide levels were detected in hemolymphs of control and curcumin- injected larvae at different intervals using Nano LC/MS. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the protein levels in the larval hemolymph over all tested time points with respect to the control. The highest level was observed at 8 h (2.56 folds) followed by 4 h (1.86 folds) and 24 h (1.36 folds) post-injection. The transcriptional level of MdCecA in larval hemolymphs was measured by qRT-PCR. The MdCecA transcripts were increased after 4 and 8 h of injection. However, the upregulation was stopped and reversed after 24 h post-injection. Additionally elevation in cecropin A at the levels of protein and transcripts was reported at both 4 and 8 h post- injection intervals. The cytotoxic effect of control and curcumin-injected larval hemolymphs was investigated in vitro against MCF-7 and Vero cells using an MTT assay. Uninjected larval hemolymph exhibited a lower cytotoxicity than the injected ones toward the cancer cells (MCF7). Cell cycle analysis of treated (4 h, and 8 h, post-curcumin injection) and control MCF-7 cells was performed. Among the 4 h group, the accumulations of cells at the sub-G1 phase revealed significant (P 0.05) apoptotic populations (” " ~ " ”20% and 38% for 60 and 100 μg/mL, respectively)