الفهرس 
CHAPTER (1): INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A number of Reinforced Concrete Ordinary Moment Resistance Frames (RC-OMRFs) have been collapsed in seismic due to severe local damage at the ends of columns. Many of these frames were designed and constructed according to outdated codes in which seismic loads were either not taken into consideration or not taken into account sufficiently. To date, there are still a large number of such non-ductile RC frames serving in the potential earthquake regions across the world. Thus, to achieve the desired seismic performance, these RC frames should
be retrofitted and strengthened before an earthquake. In this study, twelve specimen one-story one-bay RC OMRFs were constructed and tested. One of the
twelve frames was a bare frame and the others were strengthened by various
techniques, namely: steel bracing systems, infilled frames with Un-Reinforced
Masonry wall (URM) or Reinforced Masonry wall (RM) by Steel Wire Mesh (SWM), Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) wrap applications and hyper strengthening techniques. The study presents an experimental test program, numerical analysis and parametric study. The obtained results of the suggested
model showed good agreement with the finite element and test results. After
validation versus experimental results, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has
been utilized to study the effect of different parameters on the strength
enhancement resulting from the applied strengthening techniques. The failure
modes, capacity, drift ratio, ductility, and stiffness degradation of the various
strengthening techniques were presented, compared and interpreted. The results
showed that the capacities of non-ductile RC-MRFs can be significantly improved
with proposed strengthening techniques.