الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out on a total number of 50 cattle and buffaloes of both sexes (32 cattle and 18 buffaloes). Ages of these animals were range from 3 years to 7 years old. Out of them, 20 animals (n=10 cattle and 10 buffaloes) were clinically healthy and represented the control group. The remaining 30 animals represented the diseased groups (22 cattle and 8 buffaloes), Which were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Asyut University, Asyut, Egypt, with one or more of the following histories: in appetence or anorexia, recumbency, brisket edema, jugular pulsation/distention, absence of rumination, marked decrease of milk production, abduction of the forelimbs, stasis of ruminal motility and decrease of body weight. Animals included in the study were subjected to the following studies: Case history, clinical examinations, ferroscopic examination by using metal detector, X-ray examination, sonographic examination, and biochemical analysis.
Clinical examination was done to all animals in study and then blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Two types of blood samples (whole blood and serum samples) were collected from all examined animals. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein on a clean dry vacutainer tubes containing heparin as anticoagulant for measuring blood troponin by troponin card. Another blood samples were collected on clean and dry plain centrifuge tubes and allowed to flow freely and gently from the jugular vein over the inner surface of the tube, and then kept in the refrigerator at 4°C for 30 min and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min for separation of serum. The collected sera were used for measuring of cardiac troponin I (Tn-I), creatinekinase (CK - MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT).
Based on case history, clinical, ferroscopic examination, radiographic findings, sonographic finding and laboratory finding of the studied cases (22 cattle and 8 buffaloes), diseased animals were diagnosed as traumatic pericarditis in cattle (n=10), traumatic reticulo-peritonitis in cattle (n=12), traumatic pericarditis in buffaloes (n=4), Diaphragmatic hernia in buffaloes (n=4).
The results of this study could be summarized in the following points:
The clinical signs of cattle suffered from TRP showed congestion in conjunctival mucous membrane, abduction of elbow and difficult in movement, severe dehydration. In cattle with T.P. showed depression and lateral recumbuncy and unable to stand, positive jugular pulsation, sign of pain (tearing) and brisket odema. In buffalo with TP showed signs of pain (opening of mouth and tongue protrusion).
The animals were subjected to left lateral radiograph of caudoventral thorax and reticulum in standing position have radio-opaque differentiated and non-differentiated foreign bodies in the reticulum, peritoneum or both, and sternal cartilages appear as more radio-opaque structures at the ventral part of the radiographic film. Soft tissue density of the heart was demarcated in all examined animals with its apex directed caudoventrally toward the diaphragm while the line of diaphragm was obviously demarcated separating the more radiolucent thorax from the radiopaque abdomen.
The main ultrasound findings in heart related to animals affected by traumatic pericarditis (TP) in cattle (4/10) were epicardial and pericardial effusions/ thickening around the heart, extended fibrin from the heart (2/10), increased echogenicity in the epicardium, in addition to hypoechoic content between pericardium and epicardium and increased echogenicity of the capsule. Also, in liver sonography there were sever congestion to the hepatic blood vessels and caudal vena cava changed from its triangular shape to large round shape, while during lung sonographic examination, the lung was compressed and displaced medially and dorsally by the pleural effusion.
As for the cardiac ultrasound changes in heart observed in buffaloes (2/4) with traumatic pericarditis (TP) were pericardial and epicardial thickening, the presence of fibrin (1/2), there were increased echogenicity inthe epicardium, in addition to hypoechoic content between pericardium and epicardium and increased echogenicity of the capsule. Ultrasound changes observed in cattle with TRP (5/12) were changes in the contour of the reticulum and presence of corrugation around its wall and presence of fibrinous adhesions between the reticulum and the dorsal sac of the rumen.
There was a highly significant increase in serum bovine troponin I (Tn-I) enzyme in cattle suffered from T.P (P<0.01), while there was a significant increase in cattle suffered from T.R.P (P<0.05). There was a highly significant increase serum creatine kinase (CK- MB) in cattle suffered from T.P and TRP (P<0.01). There was a significant increase serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in cattle suffered from T.R.P. and T.P (P<0.01).
No significant change was reported in serum troponin I (Tn-I) level in buffaloes suffered from T.P or DH. In buffaloes suffered from T.P., there were significant increase in serum LDH, AST (P<0.01) and CK-MB (P<0.05) levels. In buffaloes suffered from DH, there were highly significant increase in serum LDH and AST (P<0.01), while there were significant increase CK- MB (P<0.05) levels.