الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
There is a need for consistency in the needs assessment for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The use of a standardized assessment tool may support professional judgment and increase the quality and consistency of the needs assessment tool. The tool should compare on the basis of reliability, validity, cultural sensitivity, usability, assessment information sources and professional support outputs (Graham, 2002).
Aim of the study:
This study aims to:
Develop a tool to assess needs of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Test validity, reliability and applicability of the developed tool.
Research Question:
This study is based on answering the following question:
Is the developed tool will valid and reliable?
Methodology:
Setting:
This study was conducted in the cardio-surgery units, intensive care unit of cardio- surgery at Ain Shams University Hospital.
Subjects characteristics:
Two groups of subjects were included in the study:
1- The first group was the jury group, which consisted of seven members from faculty of nursing and from cardio-thoracic surgery, Ain Shams University.
2- The second group consisted of (75) adult patients were included in the study, which represented in (58) male and (17) female patients with different educational level and they are undergoing cardiac surgery.
Tools for Data Collection:
1- A designed interviewing questionnaire was developed by the researcher to assess needs for patients undergoing cardiac surgery, based on the literature review and expertise, it was validated, reliable and utilized by the researcher to collect the necessary data.
2- Opinonaire sheet was developed by the researcher for the purpose of assessing the validity (face & content) of developed tool through juries’ opinions.
Juries were asked to respond to each statement of the needs assessment tool of patient undergoing cardiac surgery as (agree) or (disagree). The sheet consists of two parts.
Tool development, including socio-demographic data, physiological needs, psychosocial needs, spiritual needs, and educational needs, has gone through three stages. Preliminary forms were prepared. They were face and content validated through experts’ opinions, which led to the second stage of modified tool. These were tested for construct validity using factor analysis, and for reliability using Alpha Cronbach test. These processes led to the final stage of the developed validated tool. This was used to assess needs for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Results:
Regarding content validity of the needs assessment tool for patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the majority of jury group has agreed on all items.
Regarding construct validity, factor analysis technique was used to regroup items and test how much they explain from the total variance of the tool score.
Concerning reliability, the developed tool proved to be reliable by using Alpha Cronbach test, and indicates that all questions have high value of Alpha Cronbach (0.862) which indicates high reliability of the tool.
The developed tool was implemented, and was able to assess needs for patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and shows that highest needs were the psychosocial needs.
There is highly statistical significant difference between males and females regarding to physiological needs.
There is highly statistical significant difference between age group (21-30 &51>) regarding to educational needs.
There is highly statistical significant difference between married and single patients regarding to educational needs.
There is highly statistical significant difference between patients who has positive chest pain and patients who has negative chest pain regarding to educational needs.
Conclusion:
It is concluded from the present study; that it is crucial to assess needs of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. So, there is a continuous need for a valid, reliable, consistent and applicable needs assessment tool for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Recommendations:
1- To apply the developed tool which proved its validity and reliability to assess the needs of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
2- Further studies needed to develop valid and reliable needs assessment tool in various patient settings.