الفهرس 
THEORETICAL APPROACHOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Many types of vibrations can occur underground. These happened due to the
great focus on using the underground transit systems. Tunnel boring machine
(TBM) is widely used for underground construction especially the tunnels, which are the most important civil infrastructures used in rural and urban areas. The TBM induces strong vibration during the excavation of tunnels. These vibrations are capable of causing great damage to the surrounding soil. Tunnels can also be split by using blasting, which also causes tremendous and great vibrations. The vehicular traffic is also causing vibrations in the tunnels and surrounding soils. The vibrations are induced due to the friction between the vehicles and the pavement. Also, the vibration in the embedded civil infrastructures which are subjected
to seismic waves propagation is another type of vibrations that can occur underground influenced by the type and direction of ground seismic motion.
All these types of vibrations work in the beginning to compact the soil under
the tunnel, this leads to a settlement in the soil above the vibration. In this case, these vibrations pass underwater channels so the vibration makes a rarefaction in the soil near the surface and works to shake the soil particles, reducing the shear stress, which increases the rate of scour. The scour and settlement have a negative effect on bed morphology, navigation, and stability of side slopes. This research is executed to experimentally study the effect of the underground vibration on canal bed morphology. One hundred and sixty-two experiments were performed for different Froude numbers, channel water depths, tunnel diameters, tunnel depths, vibration amplitudes, under constant discharge. The experimental work was divided into two main sets; the first set includes 135 experiments. In this set, the experiments were done in the existence of water. The second set was without water and include 27 experiments. In the experimental work, samples of two-dimensional figures display the change of scour hole, and photos were presented. Also, the disturbance in velocity of water in the channel due to the vibration was presented. Empirical relationships were developed to predict changes in channel bed morphology due to underground vibration. The results revealed that the tunnel depth and Froude number are the dominant parameters that affect the canal bed morphology. The experiments also show that the change in canal bed
morphology in the case of the presence of water less than the case of the water
absence.