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Abstract The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), It is a highly contagious virus and most individuals within the population are susceptible to the infection. It is transmitted via respiratory droplets and direct contact (Shi et al., 2020). The WHO on March 11, 2020, has declared the (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic (Cucinotta and Vanelli, 2020). The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred in children, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Deaths were extremely rare (Ludvigsson, 2020). The route of transmission is by close contact with family members or a history of exposure to the epidemic area and some patients have both exposures (Qiu et al., 2020). Pediatric cases of COVID-19 are either asymptomatic cases or symptomatic. Fever is the commonest symptom followed by cough then rhinorrhea or pharyngeal congestion and less frequent diarrhea and sore throats. Other symptoms, including fatigue, headache and dizziness are rare (Tung Ho et al., 2020). Patients with pneumonia had higher proportion of fever and cough and increased inflammatory biomarkers than those without pneumonia (Du et al., 2021). The need for serological testing is most urgent as COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for investigating antibody responses and assessing individual and potential herd immunity (Hoffman et al., 2020). |