الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is an emerging health problem
worldwide. The eye shares striking structural, developmental, and
genetic pathways with the kidney, suggesting that kidney disease and
ocular disease may be closely linked. A growing number of studies
have found associations of chronic kidney disease with age-related
macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataract. In
addition, retinal microvascular parameters have been shown to be
predictive of chronic kidney disease. chronic kidney disease shares
common vascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension,
smoking, and obesity, and pathogenetic mechanisms including
inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and
microvascular dysfunction.
Wide varity of results about the effect of CKD on retinal and
choroidal thickness, known from many studies from significant to non
significant relation between CKD and chorioretinal thickness.
This study evaluate the retinal, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)
and choroidal thickness in CKD patients by using spectral domain
optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
The included participants in the study undergone assessement of
CKD status by measuring serum creatinine and estimated glomerular
filteration rate (eGFR) was calculated using CKD-EPI equation. full
ophthalmological examination was done as Best corrected visual
acuity measurement using snellen eye chart, Intraocular pressure
measurement by goldman applanation tonometer,Anterior segment
examination by slit lamp, Posterior segment examination after
pupillary diltation using Slit lamp biomicroscopy with +90 diopter volk lens and Optical Coherent Tomography (OCT) to assess retinal,
retinal nerve fiber length (RNFL) and choroidal thickness was done by
Heidelberg Optical Coherent tomography.