الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tilapia is a seafood preferred by some people, due to its delicious taste, as well as containing many nutrients beneficial to human health.
tilapia fish benefits
1- Beneficial for heart health: Tilapia is a fish rich in fats beneficial to human health, such as omega 3 and 6, which contribute to lowering levels of harmful cholesterol in the blood, as well as reducing the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases.
2- Losing weight: Tilapia fish contains a high percentage of proteins, which help to feel full for a long time, as well as contain few calories, so nutrition experts advise eating it when you want to lose weight.
4- Cancer prevention: Tilapia fish is distinguished by its selenium, which is an antioxidant that fights free radicals in the human body, which reduces the chances of developing cancerous tumors, especially prostate cancer.
5- Maintaining brain health: Tilapia fish helps promote brain health and improve neurological functions, because it contains potassium, omega-3 acids, and other nutrients, which increase the efficiency of the process of oxygen-laden blood flow to the brain, reducing the chances of dementia and Alzheimer’s when aging
therefore, tilapia fish is of great economic importance and nutrition must be taken care of. Many researches have found that most of the crops in the markets and used in fodder are genetically modified, so the debate has increased all over the world.
The release of GM crops and products in the environment and markets worldwide has resulted in public debate in many parts of the world. Therefore, the need for identification and detection of GM products is a must. Labeling and traceability of GM material are important to address the concerns of both the consumers and the regulators. The establishment of reliable, relevant, and economical methodology for detection, identification, and quantification of GM products is a major challenge at the international level. All tested samples were negative for the presence of GM fish and a reliable PCR protocol was developed and successfully tested in this study. This screening method could permit greater coverage of the possible GM ingredient in fish products in the Egyptian markets. This method will provide better coverage of the potential GM events that could be present in a sample and constitute an accurate method for the detection of the unauthorized GMOs in fish products.
One of the main points of the current study was to interpret patterns of differentiation among Nile tilapia considering their feed contained or uncontained genetic modified crops. The highest disrupts of immune function which can affect Nile tilapia growth was observed combined with subtle growth performance, organs histopathological findings, and changes in the Gh/Igf-I axis at the molecular level were recognized. Finally, this study emphasized the necessity in molecular techniques inquires in fish to characterize complex patterns.