الفهرس 
Evaluation and comparison of clinical and laboratory features of primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome
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Abstract
Objective:to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of antiphospholipid syndrome and to compare between the clinical and immunological features of the primary and secondary forms. Methods: The medical records of 148 patients, diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome, who were admitted to Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, Cairo university or following up in outpatient clinic were reviewed to analyze the clinical and immunological patterns. Results: The cohort consisted of 148 patients,135 females (91.2%) and 13 males (8.8%) with female:male ratio of 9.6:1. Age of onset ranged from 10 years to 50 years with a mean of 23.6 ±7.66 with 10.8% had juvenile onset. 28.4% of patients had primary APS and 71.6% of patients had secondary APS (most of which were secondary to SLE). The most common manifestations were obstetric manifestations (79.1% from pregnant women), arthritis (48.6%), venous thrombosis (35%) and thrombocytopenia (30.4%).Venous thrombosis, arthritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia and still birth were more frequent in patients with secondary APS.Patients with juvenile onset APS presented more frequently with fever, seizures, brain vasculitis, renal artery and vein thrombosis