الفهرس 
Analysis of long term weight regain after sleeve gastrectomy after 5 years
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Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with a range of non-communicable diseases, which can result in significant morbidity. These health concerns can include type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal complications, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), infertility, negative emotional states, and an overall reduced quality of life (Colquitt et al., 2014 ; Khwaja et al., 2010).Therefore, the need for an effective intervention providing long-term weight loss to reduce the incidence of obesity-related health complications (McGrice & Don Paul., 2015). Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has gained great popularity as a stand-alone bariatric procedure because short- and mid-term outcomes in terms of weight loss and resolution of co-morbidities have been very positive. However, long-term results from large series still are sparse (Casella et al., 2016).Although the overall goal of bariatric surgery is to achieve long-term weight loss, patients may face the challenge of regaining weight after surgery. Yet the defining, reporting and understanding of this phenomenon remains largely neglected. Systematic review was performed to locate articles reporting the definition, rate and/or cause of weight regain in patients at least 2 years post-SG. Rates of regain ranged from 5.7 % at 2 years to 75.6 % at 6 years. Proposed causes of weight regain included initial sleeve size, sleeve dilation, increased ghrelin levels, inadequate follow-up support and maladaptive lifestyle behaviors. Bariatric literature would benefit from