الفهرس 
Elemental and Ultramarphological analysis of incipient enamel like lesion after one day and three months remineralization by Novamin With/Without Pre-Conditioning with Air-Abrasion using Polyacrylic Acid-Bioactive Glass: An In vitro Study
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Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the change in the mineral content and ultra-morphological picture of the demineralized enamel after treatment with poly acrylic-bioactive glass powder air abrasion and application of NovaMin (calcium sodium phosphosilicate) remineralization agent after 24 hours and 3 month. Materials and methods: A total number of 11 sound non-cavitated (free from caries, cracks or restorations) freshly extracted premolar human teeth was used within this study. Each tooth was divided into 2 halves the buccal half for group P1 (preconditioned group) and the lingual half for group P2 (no preconditioning).Specimens were assessed either before demineralization (T0) intact enamel, (T1) after demineralizion, (T2) after 24 hours and (T3) three months storage in artificial saliva. Elemental and ultra-marphological analysis were done for all specimens before and after demineralization as a positive and negative control groups. Pre-conditioning was induced by air-abrasion using bioactive glass 45S5+polyacrylic acid powder. Subsequently, specimens were treated by NovaMin. Quantitative energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis was performed on the enamel surface to determine the elemental levels (%) of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca). For each sample, five points were selected and the mean values calculated. The calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were evaluated in weight percent (wt. %) and the mean Ca/P ratios were calculated