الفهرس 
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Abstract
Although the European unification project launched in early 1950swas restricted, at first, to economic integration, security was constantly at the heart of the European integration process. In 2011, the civic revolutions so-called the 2Arab Spring3 evoked multi-level consequences for regional security. The geographic proximity of the Arab Spring turns to be a challenge for European Collective security, especially when the Arab Spring became a critical threat to European security due to the refugee influx and terrorism. In this respect, this thesis aims at examining the effect of terrorist attacks after 2011, on the European security approaches adopted by the EU, France and Germany through analyzing the official documents from the EU institutions and both France and Germany{u2019}s Authorities statements given by public authorities (Head of states or of EU institutions, Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Ministers of Interior) and the results of Public Opinion Surveys conducted from 2011, the official stance from political parties in France and Germany in order to examine whether the counter terrorism policies enhanced European Collective security or prompted Europe to re-adopt a new security approach