الفهرس 
Title
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Abstract
Introduction: The cornerstone of treating patients with septic shock remains as it has been for decades, intravenous fluids. Dosing intravenous fluid during resuscitation of septic shock remains largely empirical. There is now a large body of evidence to show that various dynamic parameters (both invasive and non-invasive) have a high sensitivity and specificity for predicting fluid responsiveness. Large variations in IVC size with IPPV accurately predict fluid responsiveness but its use is still of debate in spontaneously breathing patients. Objectives: To evaluate the extent to which, respiratory changes in IVC diameter, IVC-collapsibility index (IVC-CI) and left ventricular outflow tract VTI variations can be used to predict fluid responsiveness in septic shock spontaneously breathing not receiving positive mechanical ventilation patients in comparison to static parameters as central venous pressure