الفهرس 
Evaluation of level of TNF-U in chronic periodontitis patients with gestational diabetes mellitus after phase I periodontal therapy
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the level of TNF-Ü in samples of gingival crevicular fluid & serum from chronic periodontitis subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment and to compare it with systemically free chronic periodontitis pregnant subjects. The present study was conducted on 40 subjects, recruited from the obstetrics & gynecology department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University & the obstetrics & gynecology department, Faculty of Medicine ,Misr University for Science & Technology and El Galaa Maternity Hospital .The included subjects were 20 systematically free pregnant females suffering from moderate to severe chronic periodontitis acting as control group and 20 pregnant females suffering from gestational diabetes associated with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. All pregnant women have undergone a laboratory screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus GDM consisting of fasting blood glucose test (no caloric intake for 8 hours) and 2 hours post-prandial glucose test. All subjects have been screened by comprehensive periodontal examination and full periodontal charts were obtained.The following clinical parameters were assessed to determine the clinical periodontal status of patients: Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) Gingival crevicular fluid & serum samples were collected from both study groups to detect TNF-Ü levels. Regarding the assessment of TNF-Ü, PCR technique was used