الفهرس 
Effect of combination of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine gel 2% as intracanal medication in comparison to calcium hydroxide paste as intracanal medication on postoperative pain and bacterial endotoxin in necrotic teeth
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide combined with 2% chlorhexidine gel as intracanal medication compared to calcium hydroxide paste on postoperative pain reduction as the primary outcome and endotoxin reduction as the secondary outcome in a patient with necrotic pulp on two visit treatment. Subjects and methods: Forty-three patients with necrotic single-rooted tooth with apical periodontitis, aged ranged from 15 to 51 years old with no gender predilection. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups according to the intra-canal medication used; Calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine 2 % gel group (I), Calcium hydroxide paste alone group (II) and no intracanal medication group (III). The preoperative pain was recorded using numerical rating scale (NRS). After isolation and disinfection, access cavity was performed followed by chemomechanical preparation, which was done using rotary Revo-S files with 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Then, intracanal medication was placed for 14 days. Postoperative pain was recorded at 4, 24, 48 hours and 14 days postoperatively. Paper points collected endotoxin samples before (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2), and after 14 days of intra-canal medication (S3). A sandwich ELISA method was used for the quantification of endotoxin. Patients were randomly assigned to any of these three groups