الفهرس 
Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 as a biomarker for diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in type-1 diabetes mellitus
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication implicated in the death of diabetic patients, which would necessitate the need for new biomarkers to detect early stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), A Type I trans membrane protein is undetectable in normal kidneys but markedly induced in proximal tubules after ischemic and toxic injury. Objective: To estimate and evaluate KIM-1 as a biomarker for DN. Patients and methods: 60 male and female type I diabetic children, classified as 30 normoalbuminuric diabetic children (Urinary albumin creatinine ratio <30mg/dl) and 30 microalbuminuric diabetic children (Urinary albumin creatinine ratio 30-300 mg/dl). 30 age matched control children also were included. Detailed history and physical examination, laboratory investigations were done. Urinary KIM-1 level was assessed in all patients