الفهرس 
Serum level of vitamin d in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of vitamin D with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its relation to pain, physical function and radiological progression of the disease in Egyptian and Yemeni patients. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 41 Egyptian and 41 Yemeni primary knee OA patients aged above 45 years old who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for classification of knee OA, together with 41 Egyptian and 40 Yemeni age and sex matched controls. All patients and controls were subjected to 25(OH)D measurement using ELISA technique, in addition to laboratory investigations that included complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, chemistry panel, intact parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. In all patients, knee pain was evaluated by using the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), while physical function was evaluated by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the stair climb test (SCT) and the chair stand test (CST). In addition, Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to assess both knee pain and physical function. Radiographs of the knees were also obtained for all patients with weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral views, and were graded according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as levels <20 ng/ml. Exclusion criteria included patients with secondary OA, diseases or medications that affect serum vitamin D levels. Ethical approval: All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of Kasr Alainy Cairo University Hospitals, AL-Thawra Hospital research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration ethical standards