الفهرس 
Title : Treatment and conservation of ecclesiastical bronze bells
SummaryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The ancient Egyptians knew the bells manufacturing, bronze bells were known from the 23rd dynasty. In China, the first small bronze bells were manufactured in 2000 BC, large bells were spread out in many European countries thereafter.The bronze bell alloy is about 21% to 24% tin. Many other elements are added to improve the properties of the alloy including sulfur, phosphorus, zinc, lead, and others.However, Bronze bells suffer from different failure mechanisms leading to cracks with limited possibility of remedy.The traditional treatment methods for cracked bells affects harmfully the base metal, inscriptions, or the functionality of the bell. Therefore, there is a need to explore a new non-traditional methodology for bell crack restoration.This thesis represents scientific case study of a cracked bell manufactured by a casting technique.The bell is located inAbanoub church, in Samanood city-Gharbia, Egypt. This research submitted a detailed study for the bronze bell’s history, usages, and tunes. The research also covered a study of bell{u2019}s parts, forms,and manufacturing, in addition to studying the aspects of deterioration in bronze bells. Experimental studieswereconducted to introduce replica/coupon materials to simulate the actual bell materials. Samples were prepared for microstructural, and mechanical tests.Besides, filler materials were prepared as foils or powder, either separated or mixed