الفهرس 
Title : The Effect of Temperature on the Bond Strength and Adaptability of TotalFill BC Sealer to Root Dentin in Comparison to AH Plus Sealer During Root Canal Obturation Using Continuous Wave Compaction Technique (An in vitro study)
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Abstract
Aim: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the effect of lowering the temperature used with continuous wave compaction (CWC) from 200{u00B0}C to 150{u00B0}C on the push-out bond strength and interfacial adaptation of TotalFill BC sealer in relation to AH Plus sealer. Materials and methods: A total of eighty-eight extracted human single-rooted teeth with single straight root canals were selected for this study. The samples were randomly allocated into four groups (n=22) according to the type of sealer used and the temperature of warming gutta-percha; (AH Plus/ 150{u00BA}C), (AH Plus/200{u00BA}C), (TotalFill BC/150{u00BA}C) and (TotalFill BC/200{u00BA}C) groups. The roots were sectioned horizontally into 2 mm. thick slices, and the bond strengths were measured using a standardized push-out test. The mode of failure was examined by visual inspection under stereomicroscope. Before the push-out test, five representative samples from each group were randomly selected to qualitatively assess the interfacial adaptation using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Results: The mean push-out bond strength values of the two sealers recorded significant lower values at 150{u00B0}C than at 200{u00B0}C. The predominant mode of failure among groups was adhesive failure, except for TotalFill BC/200{u00BA}C group that showed mostly mixed failure. Regarding the interfacial adaptation, the mean gap width measurement at 150{u00B0}C was wider than that at 200{u00B0}C for both sealers. Conclusions: Using 150{u00B0}C during CWC technique compared to 200{u00B0}C significantly decrease the bond strength values and the interfacial adaptation of TotalFill BC sealer as well as AH Plus sealer